Train protection for railways.



PATENTED FEB. 18', E908- B. GLROWEL-L. TRAIN PROTECTION FOR RAILWAYSQAPPLICATION FILED PEB.'13,' 1899.

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PATENTED FEB. 18, 1908.

B. G. ROWELL. TRAIN PROTECTION FOR RAILWAYS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB.13, 1899.

6 SHEETSSHEET 2.

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No. 879,494. PATENTED FEB 18, 1908- B. O. ROWELL.

TRAIN PROTECTION FOR RAILWAYS, APPLIGATION FILED FEB: 13, 1899.

6 sums-4mm a.

in. 879,494. PATENTED FEB.18, 1908.

B. 0. ROWELL.

TRAIN PROTECTION FOR RAILWAYS/ APPLICATION 'IILBDIEB. 1a, 1899.

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' Zm'mm P ATENTED FEB. 18, 1908. B, 0. HOWELL.

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i v 1 listin s new so. Jo JkbJ- ciif BENTON C. RGWELL, OF CHICAGO,iLLIIx 01S, ASSIGNOR TO ROWELL POTTER SAFETY STOP COMPANY, OF PORTLAND,MATA'E, .A CORPORATION OF hiii'lNE.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, BENTON CQROWELL,

of Chicago, in the. county of Cook and I:

f Illinois, have invented a new and users 6 system of Train Protectionfor Rail. oi which the following is a specificntion. reference being hadto the accompanying clrawings, in which- Figure 1 is a diagramllustrating ti e to simplest form of my system; Figs. 2, 2 and 2 are adiagram illustrating the "preferred form of my system, this diagram heincon tinued from sheet to sheet in order to c early show its working;Fig. 3 is e diagram illustrating the application of my system at a gradecrossing; Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a simpler 'formof theapplication of my system to a grade corssing,

hiy system is designed to make it impossible for one railway train tocome into contact with another, end While many systems have heretoforebeen devised intended to accon'isolish that result, I am the first todevise a sleek system comprising two or more signals, automaticappliances for shiitii 0 each to-safety, and means connecting theautomatic safety shifting apuliance such that when a train in the properdirect-ion controls one of them, no other train can op ate anyconflicting or opposing signals. signals' 1 mean blockin applianceswhich either warn the engineer to stop the train, or which automaticallystop the train, including audible and Visible signals, as well as en-Paratuses which automatically apply the brakes, or derail the train. .1

Fig. l is a diagram of at system embody ing my new principle, which Iwill now explain more fully, together .With the best mode which I haveconteinolated applying that rinciple, for although have contemplatenmechanical means, anal compressed air means, yet electrical means aremuch simpler and in other respects preferable. The blocking ap liancesAssn A: are at danger except W 1011 shifted to safety by 2. train aboutto pass one of them, and the means by which a train with the rightof waynearing signal A, shifts signal A from. danger to safety in order thatit may pass, and back to lien or in passing, also operates auto- Imatically' to make it irnyossible for a too closely following train toshift that signal from danger. to safety; and also to make itininossible for an opposing train to shift s gnal A oin. danger'tori'nmi sl will shoit K r u) the at ire-s from "he pol traces, and by theFire" the coil oi ino' axle of a twin extends near battery (i the currenp lows mainly through the wheels and the current through the coil cl nA,

6t beer s so small that the amiss-u 7;.

rops, and It" contac ch it. The circuit through .magnet i 1; pleteilfrom battery through wire through the wire from G to 7:, through theWire from k to the coil 05?, three oil of F and the Wire from that coil,t nd through the wire from f, to u This motion of disk f one si -o. cenergizin magnet F, causes f to cringe the fingers stripj' clear of itsiingerj".

Connecting lingers f p the safety circuit, for trail ight to left, overthe sectfil, and disconnectng st in e. f breaks the circuitof magnet Foi s I 7 which circuit includes his to the left 1-, anti controlled hytrains. running om left to right. One of these 'sa" y carouits which ispartially compietecl by con nee-ting lingers f from battery G t troughthe Wire to upper f, through f" to lower f. and through Wire from lowerf to wire Gt along G to wire leading to switch B, a; switch B by wire tocoilof mag-net. a, th; that coil by Wire to wire G, and al n' battery Gand all the others can traced from this one as exai The circuit ofmagnet F of tlislsf is l'r'o; i cattery G viaff to F and from F to k tthe of Fig. 1 and thence (when l? is at closed) through Wire connectinghack to G This train next sh battery (1', and causes magnet D armature,but as that armature l armature of magnet 11, the switch Yr Fc closed;moreover closing 7: would "o if made While 7: is is closed for the sonclosing 7c is energizes magnet F of disk f thereby opens switch f f ofdisk i -35 A. When this danger breaks the circuit at f f which should beclosed at 7c is in order to energize magnet F of disk f This circuit isthrough switch 12 k, by wire connecting 70 with G, by G through batteryG froinG through switch f f (when closed) by wire from f through thecoil of magnet F of disk f, and by wire from that coil back to switch1376. This train from right to switch B of signal A but this is idle forone terminal of this switch B connects with wire IG and there is nocurrent in wire G since, the connection betwecnf jcannot be completedwhile any train running from right to left 5 occupies this section oftrack; and this track switch B is idle except when operated by a trainrunning over this section from left to right. This train from right toleft next closes track switch B of signal A, and com pletes safetycircuit through ma net a, of signal A, thereby shifting. signal Armindanger to. safety. This is done by well known mechanism set in operationby energizing magnet a, one example of which is described in my April 2,1901. This train from right to left next closes track switch B, but thisis idle for one terminal of B goes to G, which is v dead when a train,moving from right to left is on the section. This right to left trainnext closes track switch B, and completes a local circuit through. amagnet and causes the armature of that magnet to close danger circuitthrough danger magnet c of signal circuit is thus closed danger magnet aof signal A shifts signal A back to danger. That signal cannot beshifted to safety by a following train energizing safety magnet a, untilthe circuit through 40 the danger magnet a, is brolren by theenergization of the releasing magnet D of A through the subsequentclosure of 13* at A as hereinafter stated. The lower switch point of Bof A is connected through the coil of D of A with G, and the upperswitch point of B of A is connected with G so that when switch B of A isclosed magnet D of 'A is energized. This circuit through danger magnet cof signal A, Fig. 1, is through battery G wire G to Wire connecting coilof a, with G, coil of af, wire leading to the switch whose moving memberis the armature of magnet D of signal A, wire connecting that armatureto the wire just above. wire G I q I I u I in. Fig. l, which is-a wireconnecting the liketerminals of the coils of magnets a of signal A, andof signal A, Fig. 1, back to battery G". This right'to left train nextcloses track switch B but idly forone terminal ofB 60, connects withwire G, which is dead until a train' fro'mleft to right has entered thesec-5 tion and connected ri ht bound 'wire G with battery G that is soong as any train'from.

right to left has control of the sect on by connecting its leftboundwire G with battery left next closes track Patent No.' 671,032, dated.

back by 4 break the circuit through danger magnet a.- 110 G no trainentering the section from left to right can make connection betweenright bound wire G and battery G. This right to left, or left bound,train closes track switch B of signal A, and shifts that signal tosafety, by energizing safety magnet a, of signal A.

The circuit completed by closing B of A is by wire leading from themovable member of B to wire G, and by wire leading through magnet a fromthe stationary member of B to wire G, for wires G and G are then inelectrical connection with battery G by reason of f bridging fingers fas already explained. The circuits of the danger magnets c are closed bythe track switches B, which when closed complete each a local circuitthrough a magnet and "cause the armatures of those magnets to close eacha circuit through magnets a for the wires of these danger circuitsthrough magnets connect one with the wire G and the other with the upperwire not lettered but shown in Fig. l as parallel with the wires G, Gand G, and which is electrically the same as wire G so far as its usewith the danger magnets a of Fig. 1 is concerned being connected with Gas indicated at the left of Fig. 1.

The circuit through D of signal A is not made when a left bound traincloses track switch B of signal A for the reason that one terminal ofthe wire leading from the movable member of B connects with wire G whichis dead while a left bound train is in the block shown .in 1; but when Eof signal A is closed a circuit from battery G is com )leted throughwire i, wire from G through D of A tostationary member of B of A throughmovable member of B3, by wire to G and from G to battery G as alreadyexplained. The armature between the magnet D and the magnet in the localcircuit of B remains inert and must be moved relieving magnet D in orderto This left bound train next closes track switch B of signal A andthereby energizes danger 'magnet d of signal A, as before described withreference to danger magnet a, of signal A. This left bound train nextcloses track switch 13*, of signal A,- and completes a circuit throughrelieving magnet ,D", of signal A, causing magnet I) of signal A toattract its armature and break the circuit of danger ,magne't c ofsignal A, which allows a following left bound train to shift signal Afrom danger to safety; for the magnets. 11 and a;*' of each signal, areso connected that a current through one of them will be idle, if therethen be a current through the other; as will .be'clear on reference tomy Patent, No.

671,032, datedfA pril 2 1901.

- The circuit through relieving rn'agnet D of signal A is from battery Gwire G wire con- 'necting G tocoil of D of signal A, wire con- 3;)

I ith switcis B", Wire conwire connecting wire 1 7 and upper f back tobu ieit bound train next i; r track t-ivit'oi' ii of signei A but idiy,ii switch goes to Wire G,

(mew efore explained This i. closes track switch B .iiioietes aoircuitthrough d of danger a 01" 1155i43w mg sign a A under control ivving ieitbound train, first .ioft oou od train. is now no aring the turnout on eieii of this scotion. The circuit ihrongil relieving m egnet D of dangermagnet a of signed A is much the some as just doeoriioed; that is ombetteryGi vv be coii of D oi M coii witiv Kit-h G an i a train sin .,ao'u-gh ti] armature is no longer held y from-i1 by megne'ii- D, isheld away 1 is the i'eiien arihetme of magnet I). train entering these'ciion iiown in Fig. oro. die ieft first moves die! f one step, as iiie train entering from the right first kfone step. in short thedetailed tier: 'o'oeedy given as to a train runm right to ieft over thesection in 1, applies, muiazis mutendie, 'am running over the ejectionshown'in '1 ram leftio right. ig 1, signal A, track switch B, operaioshift signaii from danger to safety I by ore-ins from right to ieft, .mdtrack 'feivitch B, o 'erative toshift signal A from danger to so etyonly by trains from left to right, embody one feature Tof my invention,

and this is also true of signal A and its track switches B and B, one atone side the other or the oiiierside oi' signal A; and this feature beregarded as the unitof my invention; for these signais might return todanger by gravity. These two units in combination embody my invention inits est form. It wiil now be plain also that a train from right to leftnmst move diskfin a direction to close one switch and open the other andnext move disirf in :1 direction to open one and close the other, andcannot 11love disk f 2 at all; while a train running from left to rightmust move disk? in e direction to close one and open the other and nextmove diekf in a direction to .open one and close the other, and cannotmove diskf at eii. This apparatus, so f'ar as it is in effect a signalwhich indicates not oniy the presence oi e train, but aiso in whichdirection that troin is running, forms the so ject of my ifatent(595%49; dated March 18, 1952.

'oiest mode of applying my new ones rivet the engineer shall pay in;principle in such a manner thateven runaway engines on a single trackWhether in opposite directions or one following another cannot meet, Iuse as that blocking appliance the Well known safety stop, which whenden emanation-Hy applies the broke-e, or some 0W1 dereiiing apparatusand means by Nil 1. each trein in shifting such ignei i'rcm den er tosafety renders on it? eigizei' medieteiy i1; its rear and front one beeinit ai iron: danger so safety; but also the V which the serond 51 ml211 its rear it can so'sh "ted, one vitel'point be between ivv-"oopposing trains, and 3 least must always be in and. e foiic-Wzng lsrelne'ven i s igneie be disobeyed, as in tne vav trams.

T i of ekppiying my new principie is fui iy sin .n In. t diagram 2, 2and. 2 in which A A and A are blocking appliances which cannot be passedwhen at danger. A left bound train with the right of we nearing signal A(Fi 2*) short circuits tree battery cl, and there y outs of? currentfrom magnet B, when its armature drcpe'end takes its piece in readinessto complete a circuit through magnet F o wire G" and main ba-t- As theleft bound train runs on toward signal A it short circuits tree-i;battery o and outs off current from magnet D whose armature crops andallows fine ermomre oi D to complete the circuit through magnet F ofdisk'f. This circuit through magnet Fof disk fie the disk operatingcircuit for left bound entering brains and is traced asio'llow's: from7c] throngh 'Wire G n F, wire 18 to j of disk? ffi wire 19 to battery 6;Wire $0 the signeis; and in order to apply not only ine nieens by whichthe not one signal at ie'est must 2i); wire G and wire 21 to la. Whenener- .gized, magnet F rotates disk f one step, and

thereby causes f to connect points which connects left bound wire G withthe plus wire G of the main battery G through the following circuit:from left bound wire G through wire 22 to lower f, f: upper f wire 23;wire 19; battery G"; and wire to plus wire G. This connection so farcompl'etes all, the left bound safety circuits that they are ready foroperation when fully comright bound trains move disk f step by step,

by the disconnectionof upper f and f of disk f. This circuit throughwhich right bound entering trains operate disk f 2 is controlled by themagnets D D of Fig. 2 and is traced as follows z-from k of Fig. 2 viawire G to Fof disk f wire 24; contacts f and f (when closed); wires 23and 19 to battery G wire 20 to wire G; and thence through wire 25 to is.This is the disk operating circuit for right bound entering trains andlike the disk operating circuit for the left bound entering trains abovedescribed serves to prepare the signal operating circuits for operationby the right bound trains as the latter traverse the section byconnectting wire G with plus wire G through wire 26; contacts f f (whenconnected by f; wire 19; battery G and wire 20 to plus wire G. Thisconnection so far completes all the right bound signal operating.circuits that they are ready for operation when'fully completed by thepassage of the right bound train. But of course no entering right boundtrain can control its disk operating circuit,

after disk f has been moved by the presence of a left bound train nearsignal A, because of the break at f f, and the left bound train is thussecure against head on collision as soon as it has made preparations forshifting signal A to safety; and the left bound train cannot make thesepreparations if a right bound train' has completed its preparations toenter that section, because of the break made at f f in the left boundtrains disk operating circuit.

It will now be lain that head on collisions are imposible with a blocksystem embodying my new principle; for even in the almost impossiblecontingency of com leting the circuit through magnet F of the liaftbound train at the same instant that it is completed through magnet F ofthe right bound train the only result will be that neither train cancomplete its preparations for traveling over and wire both trains (ifnot runaway) will back on tov the nearest turnout, and one will therebygive the other the right of way, for-as neither disk'was moved one fullstep, one of them will return to its normal posit on (that shown in Fig.2") as soon as the train controlling1 it er has backed far enough; andthe return of eit disk to its normal osition will give safety to theother train or the disk f or f? of the train which had not backed farenough to break the circuit through magnet D will be moved one full stepas soon as the disk of the other train returned to its normal osition;and its safety circuit will be comp eted, as described below, throughthe safety magnet a of its signal, which will shift its signal tosafety. The left bound safety circuits arefrom plus wire G through wireI, safety magnet a, and wire 2, to .the track wire H, and

from the'track wire by wire 3 to wire G; and i the right bound safetycircuits are the same circuits are the same but from plus wire to rightbound wire G that is the wires ;1, 2 and 3 connect wires G and G throughsafety magnet a of A, shown in Fig. 2', but connect wiresG and G Thetrack wire is the usual track wire kept, unbroken by rela s e 6 etc. andtrack batteries d (1 etc. so ong as the track relays 'are keptenergized, but broken when these relays are demagnetized by shortcircuiting their batteries 0L etc. as will be fully understood withoutdescription, for this is and has long been amatter amiliar to allskilled in the art. I

When the left bound entering train has completed its disk operatingcircuit through magnet F, by short circuiting the track batteries (Z dit completes its safety circuit through safety magnet a of signal A; for

when said batteries 03 d are short circuited the armature of the linerela 3 (Fig. 2 is connected to line H and the safety circuit through ais complete. When this circuit is completed signal A shifts from dangerto safety and the left bound train passes it, and in passing shortcircuits the track battery d As soon as the left bound train hasshortcircuited track battery d relay e drops its armature and the circuitthrough magnet j is broken. This circuit which'remains broken so long astrack Wire H is broken by the running of the train from signal A to A,and

until the train has passed track battery d at signal A, is from trackwire H by wire 4,

y e is dropped,

local battery in wire 4, magnet j, and from I magnet y" by wires 5 and 6to the left back to track wire H- at relay 6 whose magnet is energizedby track battery (1". T e result of breaking this circuit of magnet, isthat the armature of magnet y" drops and corn pletes the danger circuitthrough danger magnet a of signal A. This danger circuit 1s s zeneefrom, wire through wire I, magnet a, wire 7, armature of magnet i andWire 8 to Wire G; end csiong es that circuit remains complete a.following train cannot shift signal A from danger. to safety; foreven.1. following train should get to A before-the preceding left boundtrain has passed A, and complete its safety circuit (tln'ough magnet aof signal A) thetmegnet could not overcome the danger magnet of, Whileits'cironit l", I, a, and G,'\V2S unbroken; and signal A would remain stdanger, and the toilovi ing train would he stopped either by signal A,or else by its engi- 1 he saw the semaphore, or other visiole ignalforming part of signal A. and

. yo l that visible signal.

Signal A, hen'used. as shown Fig. 2

melly at safety and the leit bound train fr passing it and battery d,restores the circuit through trsci: Wire H Wires 5 end (i i and thelifting of the armature g breaks the circuit through danger magnet a? ofsignal-A, but of course,

' etsignal st danger, although a tolin having the-right of Way can tosafety and pass it as before dehe left bound train passes A, v sets thatsignul to danger ny bressing the circuit through magnet y of signal A,Whose armature tells and makes the circuit throu h magnet c of signal Aand signal remains at danger until the train has passed signal A Thecircuit of magnet j at A is traced magnet ,3 e the circuit made up ofWires *idnisgnet j of signal Pris closed 1 j" attracts its armature, andbreaks the circuit through danger magnet a of hgnsl A, thereby givingright oiwey to n following trsin approaching si nal A; and slsowhencircuit H, 4, 5 and 6 through meg net of signal A is thus restored acircuit through magnet 9' Fig. 2 is completed through wires H, \3 end 9and energizing magnet j gives right OfWttY to a left bound train whichhas one danger signal to'pass before it can travel over the section oftrack bets sen signal A and that preceding danger signs-l; Thus While aleft bound train which lies passed si nal A is traveling tows-rd A. itis protect-ed" om following trains by signal and slsoby the dangersignal next in rear A; bn' after it hes got under rotection of A d. hietraveling up to an past'it is signs 5.", Fig. Zflit short circuitsbattery (1 and reey e. and thereby breziks a 01 taining a battery andmagnet j (Fig. 2) and wire 11 back to wire H at relay 6 onthe ri ht ofFig. 2". On the breaking of this circuit the armature of magnet 7 dropsand breaks the circuit from one pole of battery (Z, Fig. 2, to upperrail, from the upper rail to magnet j thence to armature of j, thence bywires 12 and 13 to armature of j, thence to the lower rail by Wire 14and through the lower rail back to battery d. When this cir cuit throughmagnet f, is thus broken meg net drops its armature and thereby breaksthe circuit of which the armature of magnet is :1 part, end therebyprevents en opposing or right hound train norn passing signal A,"because the. wires connecting with the armature oi 1n agnet are part ofthe circuit of safety magnet aof-A. which therefore cannot'he ener izedto shift signal A to safety while its circuit open at 7' But if an opvposing or right bound trainshould have passed signal N, Fig. 2, beforethe left bound train opens relay 6 and breaks the circuit through magnet7' {namely the circuit H, 16 and 1]., Figs. 2 and 2) the opposing rightbound train will short circuit. cattery d of- Fig. 2 and demagnetizemagnets 7' and 7' Whose armature will drop, and the dro ping of thearmature of magnet 9' will brea the circuit of magnet j of signal A, thefall of the armature of magnet j shiftA' to danger, so that the leftbound train, then between A, Fig. 2 and A,Fig. 2, cannot pass A".h'iorcover when the srmatureof magnet i drops it simultaneously breaks acircuit of which the armature of j" is a part, and which must berestored before a left bound train can shift signal A Fig. 2, to s:.circuit is made up of wire 3.5

oi 2 and 2, switch 16 wire '17, coils of magnet o of signal A (Fig. 2)and Wire 1 to Wire G; and on'the other side of 9' Wire 12 of 2 and 2 towire G; Wires G and G being connected through disk f as above described.

When the siding or turn out Xis electricsally clear of the main line asshown in Fig. 2 9. train on'thet turn out cannot short circult batteryd, and is precisely as it it were not present, but after the left boundtrain shifted A of Fig. 2 to safety and passed that signal and. shiftedit back to danger, as already fully described with rcgardto signal A ofFig. 2*, it will if it runsover the main line past turn out X, Fig, 2,short' circuit battery (1, and drop srmature of j and j, and A of Fig. 2will remain at danger until the left bound train has passed signal A ofFig. 2. The left bound train after passing out magnet D, endnext inmagnet D of Fig. 2, (r versing its operation on entering the sectionshown in Fig. 2 and thereby moves disk j back one step. This operationof magnets ouit snide upof track wire H, wire 10-, coni D D in the ordernamedcouses the urineand through 9 that each ti'on as it forms the onentering the section ture of D to be freed first and then when thearmature of D falls, k contacts with 7r and closes a circuit throughmagnet F of disk f which effects the return of disk j and this circuitis traced follows :from contact [6 byv wire. 31 to magnet F and thenceby wire 18, contacts and f wire 19, battery G wire 20, wire G and wire25 to k. This follows :from k of Fig. 2 by wire ao magnet F of d1sksf;-w1re 24- contacts f,

' f (when together) wires 23 and. 19, battery G and wires 20, G and 21to contact k. if no following train enter the section before "the leftbound train counts out by moving disk f back one step, as justdescribed, then all the conditions will be as shown in Figs. 2,

2 and 2 but if a following train has entered the section before thefirst left bound train has left it will move diskf a second step, anddiskf will not be brought back to its normal position until'the secondtrain has counted out, and. so as to any number of left bound trains..This' enables any desired number of trains to run in one direction on asection before an opposing train can enter that section; that is if two,three, four or more trains enter a section successively on' the right,disk f will be moved two, three, four or more steps in one direction,and each of these trains must leave that section in order to bring diskf back to a position which will e an op osing train to get a clearsignal.

enab

What has ecn said as to eft bound trains is applicable to right boundtrains, m'u tatis mutandis, as will be obvious.

It will now be clear that in this mode of a plying'my new principle,there is, under all circumstances atleast one dan er signal between anytrain running on tie single track, and any other train running on thattrack, whether opposing or following; and of these danger signalsoperates both as a head blocking appliance and a rear blockin appliance,and both directions; but while -t1is mode of applying my new principleaffords absolute protection from collision, whether head on, or rearend, and also absolute protection for, a train on-a sidin and alsoagainst accidents from open switc es, yet this protectiondepends uponthe proper working of the mechanical, fluid,

or electrical means used for inter-connecting the danger signals; andthis form of my system'is open to the objection that it is not whollysafe to rely dn such means,.no matter how well designed and constructed.

The step by step apparatus indicated by i the disks f and f 2 need nodetailed descrip: subject matter of my,

Patent No. 695,64 8, dated March 18, 1902.

.The apparatus by means of which a train shown in Fig. :2 debattery G ofFig. 2*.

broken by the movement of either f magnetizes magnet D before itdemagnetizes ma net D; and demagnetizesyD before D on leaving thesection, and thereby energizes magnet F on entering and magnet F onleaving, needs no detailed description as it forms the subject matter ofmy Patent No. 695,649, dated March 18, 1902. over, my invention whichforms the subject matter of this application has no relation to detailsof construction or any particular apparatus but relates wholly to my newsystem of train protection, as above explained.

While I have described my new system as I applied to a sin le track overwhich trains are run in both directions, it will be obvious that it isapplicable to* grade crossings, as illustrated in Fig. 3, for atrain-running in either direction over either of two tracks which crosseach other'at grade is an opposing train to a train running on the othertrack. In this example of my system when one train isready to shift itssignal from danger to safety, in order that it may run over the crossingit makes inoperative the. means by which opposing trains can shift theirrespective signals from danger to safety. For example, as a train apreaches from the east in Fig. 3'it closes at f 7s a cir.

cult from battery Gr through'magnet F just 7 as a circuit from battery Gis closed at k 7; through magnet F of Fig. 2*, and for the same purpose,namely, to move disk f? one step and connect wires G and Gr throughbattery G? of Fig. 3, as disk f is moved one step and wires G and Gconnected through This circuit closed at k 7c at the east of Fig. 3 isthrough the switches s of disks f", 7 and f and is as follows: from 7cby plus Wire to battery G, from G to and through switch s of f thence toand through switch 8 off, thence to and through switch 8 of f thencethrough magnet F back to k. WVhen disk f is thus moved one step itsswitch f a is closed and this makes a partially completed circuit from.

battery G". through switch f of disk f by which the plus wire of batteryG and wire G are connected; and wire G5 is the left bound wire for alltrains entering on the east and running from rightto left in Fig. 3;that is signal A can heshifted to safety by connecting one 'terminalofthe coils'of its safety magnet awithwire G and the otherterminal withWire G regard to safety magnet a of signal-A and lus wire G and leftbounfdwire G, of Fig. 2". lhe main difierence between F igs..2, 2 and 2on theone hand and Fig. 3 on the other is that the circuit of magnet F'of disk is 1 or The like circuit for the glike magnet of disk f isbroken by the movement of f orf the like circuit for-magnet of f 7broken by f, f or f and for it will as already explained withf uns enow-be plain that a train entering'at' 130 to safety one automatically otrain approaching \fro erated by a In one (irection, the

other automatically operated by a train epproaching from the 0p 5 gercircuit automatica passing in either dire osite direction; a clanlyoperated by a train ction and means by which the first train to enterthe block automatically makes its own safety circuit, and

I also inhibits the makin circuit by a train in the Witnesses:

DORR E. FELT,

g of the other safety opposed direction.

, L 0U'Is A. DE BERARD.

